PFAS, or Per- and Poly-Fluorinated Alkyl Substances, are becoming well known for their use in common household products and industrial processes. Known for their ability to repel both oil and water, PFAS keep microwave popcorn bags grease-free and help make GORE-TEX jackets water-resistant. PFAS are also used to control fires because they act as a barrier between fire and the oxygen that fuels fire.

The long history of PFAS usage has led to their presence in the environment. Lately, PFAS have been making headlines, largely due to detections in drinking water. Should you be concerned? For most people, the answer is no. The real risk is from ingesting PFAS. Whereas you may reconsider microwave popcorn or use of Teflon cookware, the exposure risk from PFAS is generally low.

PFAS molecules are too large to enter your body through direct contact, like wearing your waterproof jackets or even wading in lakes or rivers that have PFAS. Because they are very stable molecules that don’t vaporize, you don’t have to worry about breathing air with PFAS. These substances are so stable that they do not decompose over time, and therefore, they can linger for years when released to soil or water. The largest risk is when we drink water with PFAS in concentrations that could be unhealthy.

While most people don’t need to worry about PFAS in their homes, certain properties—such as former industrial sites, airports, or firefighter training facilities—may be at risk for contamination. Scientists and regulators continue to understand more and more how PFAS have been used and how they increase risks to human health and the environment. Protecting human health and the environment from hazardous substances is our business. Considering PFAS risks during environmental assessments can help address potential concerns.